It borders on the federal states of Bavaria, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt. Saxony also borders on Poland and the Czech Republic. This neighbourhood also has a strong influence on language, culture and food. The state capital of Saxony is Dresden.

The landscape of the Free State is very diverse. It offers mountains like the Erzgebirge and the Elbsandsteingebirge as well as green lowlands like the Lausitz and large forests. The river Elbe flows through the middle of Saxony towards the north-west. In the heart of Saxony there are also some lakes. The beauty of the landscape is protected by different nature parks. The climate in Saxony is moderate and pleasant, but the winters are colder due to the eastern proximity than in the rest of Germany.